Difference between revisions of "Morphological adaptation"
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adattamento morfologico | adaptation morphologique | morphologische Anpassung | adattamento morfologico | adaptation morphologique | morphologische Anpassung | ||
| − | + | ==Article== | |
| − | <p>Like in the case of [[ | + | <p>Like in the case of [[phonological adaptation]], morphological adaptation is one of the formal processes that affect a word when it is borrowed from a different language. Depending on its [[typological classification | morphological typology]], the [[target language]] will require the borrowed word to possess grammatical features that allow it to be morphosyntactically employed. Therefore, if a word is borrowed, e.g., by an inflected language, it will be assigned features that allow inflection under all required categories: it will receive a [[grammatical gender assignment (contact) | grammatical gender]] and, if different inflectional paradigms are available, it will also be included in an appropriate paradigmatic series. Conversely, if a word if borrowed by an isolating language, its morphology would be deleted upon transfer to the target language.<p> |
<p>Morphological adaptation is particularly interesting in the study of borrowing scenarios, because several languages tend to select specific classes to which they preferably assign loanwords. Furthermore, the way morphology is adapted can be indicative of the date of acquisition of a loanword, in case the diachrony of the target language involved a shift in its morphological system.<p> | <p>Morphological adaptation is particularly interesting in the study of borrowing scenarios, because several languages tend to select specific classes to which they preferably assign loanwords. Furthermore, the way morphology is adapted can be indicative of the date of acquisition of a loanword, in case the diachrony of the target language involved a shift in its morphological system.<p> | ||
| − | === | + | ==Example== |
| + | <p>In Bronze Age Anatolia, loanwords from Hurrian to Hittite were generally assigned either to the <i>i-</i>stem inflection (although gender is often difficult to ascertain because of the prevalence of dative-singular occurrences). This morphological selection was triggered by the frequency of Hurrian words that end with either a /i/ or a similar vocoid (see Giorgieri 2000, 198) and, quite importantly, it allows to distinguish direct Hurrian-Hittite loans from loans mediated by Luwian, because in the latter Luwian assigned neutral gender and dental <i>it-</i>stem to the loan (Giusfredi and Pisaniello 2020, 216-220).<p> | ||
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| + | ==References== | ||
| + | Giorgieri, M. 2000. Schizzo grammaticale della lingua hurrica. Parola del Passato 55, 171-277. Giusfredi, F. and Pisaniello, V. 2020. Grammatical categories in contact. Gender assignment criteria in Hittite borrowings from the neighboring languages. In L. Repanšek, H. Bichelmeier and V. Sadovski, eds, vácāmsi miśrā krṇavāmahai Proceedings of the international conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies and IWoBA XII, Ljubljana 4–7 June 2019, celebrating one hundred years of [[language family | Indo-European]] comparative linguistics at the University of Ljubljana, Hamburg, pp. 209-233. | ||
Latest revision as of 10:57, 20 July 2023
Contents
Translations
adattamento morfologico | adaptation morphologique | morphologische Anpassung
Article
Like in the case of phonological adaptation, morphological adaptation is one of the formal processes that affect a word when it is borrowed from a different language. Depending on its morphological typology, the target language will require the borrowed word to possess grammatical features that allow it to be morphosyntactically employed. Therefore, if a word is borrowed, e.g., by an inflected language, it will be assigned features that allow inflection under all required categories: it will receive a grammatical gender and, if different inflectional paradigms are available, it will also be included in an appropriate paradigmatic series. Conversely, if a word if borrowed by an isolating language, its morphology would be deleted upon transfer to the target language.
Morphological adaptation is particularly interesting in the study of borrowing scenarios, because several languages tend to select specific classes to which they preferably assign loanwords. Furthermore, the way morphology is adapted can be indicative of the date of acquisition of a loanword, in case the diachrony of the target language involved a shift in its morphological system.
Example
In Bronze Age Anatolia, loanwords from Hurrian to Hittite were generally assigned either to the i-stem inflection (although gender is often difficult to ascertain because of the prevalence of dative-singular occurrences). This morphological selection was triggered by the frequency of Hurrian words that end with either a /i/ or a similar vocoid (see Giorgieri 2000, 198) and, quite importantly, it allows to distinguish direct Hurrian-Hittite loans from loans mediated by Luwian, because in the latter Luwian assigned neutral gender and dental it-stem to the loan (Giusfredi and Pisaniello 2020, 216-220).
References
Giorgieri, M. 2000. Schizzo grammaticale della lingua hurrica. Parola del Passato 55, 171-277. Giusfredi, F. and Pisaniello, V. 2020. Grammatical categories in contact. Gender assignment criteria in Hittite borrowings from the neighboring languages. In L. Repanšek, H. Bichelmeier and V. Sadovski, eds, vácāmsi miśrā krṇavāmahai Proceedings of the international conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies and IWoBA XII, Ljubljana 4–7 June 2019, celebrating one hundred years of Indo-European comparative linguistics at the University of Ljubljana, Hamburg, pp. 209-233.
